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Schools across the entire National Capital Region will remain closed, and GRAP 4 restrictions will continue until further notice, the Supreme Court stated on Monday, criticizing the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) for delaying the implementation of the graded response action plan (GRAP) Stage 3 and 4 restrictions.

The remarks were made on what may have been Delhi's worst air quality day. The 4 pm reading (24-hour average) indicated an AQI of 494. While the AQI had previously exceeded 497, this was with fewer monitoring stations than are currently available. A sudden drop in temperature, changes in wind direction, slower wind speeds, local pollution (mostly from vehicles), and smoke and particulate matter from farm fires in Punjab combined to blanket Delhi and neighboring areas in a dense layer of smog.

The court adjourned the matter for further review on Friday and issued several directives, asking state governments to set up teams for monitoring and enforcing the restrictions under Stage 4, which include a ban on construction activities and limiting public and private offices to half capacity. While Delhi has already suspended physical classes for Classes 1 to 9 and Class 11, the court asked Delhi and surrounding states to decide whether online classes should be implemented for all students and to report back by Friday.

GRAP 4 also includes a ban on the entry of heavy goods vehicles, except those carrying essential commodities. States can adopt other measures, such as the odd-even scheme, where vehicles with odd-numbered registration plates operate on certain days, and even-numbered vehicles on others.

Delhi Grap 4 Restrictions PDF

The court did not overlook the delay by CAQM in imposing GRAP 3 and GRAP 4 restrictions.

“Your delay has brought us to this situation,” a bench of Justices Abhay S Oka and Augustine George Masih told senior counsel Ruchi Kohli, representing the CAQM. The bench questioned why the GRAP 3 restrictions, which should have been implemented on November 12, were delayed for three days.

“Why did you wait for so long in such a serious case?” the court asked, adding that GRAP Stage 4 will remain in effect even if AQI falls below 450 until further directions from the court.

GRAP Stage 3 is activated when the AQI enters the ‘severe’ category (401-450), and GRAP Stage 4 is triggered when it exceeds 450.

The court was informed that Stage 4 restrictions were now in place in the city. Kohli explained that Stage 3 restrictions were imposed on the evening of November 14 after CAQM waited to monitor the situation, as the India Meteorological Department had suggested possible improvements.

Additional Solicitor General (ASG) Archana Pathak Dave, representing the Centre, defended CAQM's delay, citing reports that wind speeds could improve the air quality. However, the bench countered, “Can you afford to take that risk? Can you rely on the Met department in such a critical situation?”

GRAP 4 Guidelines In Hindi

The bench further criticized CAQM’s approach, stating that waiting for improvement in AQI before imposing curbs under Stage 3 and 4 was completely misguided.

Senior advocate Aparajita Singh, assisting as amicus curiae, highlighted the worsening air quality, mentioning that the court took notice of the situation after her report on November 14. She pointed out that, while states of Punjab and Haryana claimed farm fires had decreased, NASA data indicated a rise in fires. The discrepancy was attributed to the timing of stubble burning, which often occurred after the passing of the polar-orbiting NASA satellite, but was detected by a Korean geo-stationary satellite showing red spots after 2.30 pm.

The court directed the Centre and CAQM to immediately acquire data on farm fires starting from October 1, using the Korean or any geo-stationary satellite, and to share this information with states for further action.

“It is the constitutional duty of both the Centre and states to ensure a pollution-free environment for citizens,” the bench remarked, instructing CAQM to evaluate whether additional measures could be imposed under Stage 3 and 4, given the serious air quality situation in Delhi.

Implementation of Actions under stage-lV ('Severe+' Atr Quality) of revised Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi-NCR- steps to be taken

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Delhi Grap 4 Restrictions PDF

The Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR and adjoining areas, vide Direction No. 83 dated 17th September 2024, issued statutory direction for implementation of the revised schedule of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), available on the CAQM website (caqm.nic.in), as and when orders under GRAP are invoked.

The Sub-Committee for invoking actions under the GRAP in its earlier meetings held, had invoked actions under Stage-I, Stage-II, and Stage-III of the GRAP on 14th October 2024, 21st October 2024, and 14th November 2024, respectively.

The Sub-Committee in its urgent meeting held on 17th November 2024 further reviewed the air quality scenario in the region as well as the forecasts for meteorological conditions and air quality index of Delhi made available by IMD/ IITM.

The Sub-Committee observed that the AQI of Delhi was recorded at 441 (Severe) at 4:00 PM on 17.11.2024 (today) and has been gradually increasing further and has already reached Severe+ category, as the AQI clocked 447, 452, and 457 at 5:00 PM, 6:00 PM, and 7:00 PM respectively. Further, the average AQI for Delhi is expected to remain in this adverse range owing to heavy fog, variable winds, highly unfavorable meteorological and climatic conditions. Forecasts from IMD/IITM also indicate a likelihood of the AQI of Delhi to particularly remain in higher end of "SEVERE"/"SEVERE+" category in the coming days, owing to unfavorable climatic conditions.

Therefore, in an effort to prevent further deterioration of the air quality, the Sub-Committee decided that ALL actions as envisaged under Stage-IV of the GRAP — 'Severe+' Air Quality (DELHI AQI > 450) be implemented in right earnest by all the agencies concerned in the NCR, in addition to the Stage-I, II, and III actions already in force, from 8:00 AM of 18.11.2024 in the National Capital Region (NCR).

GRAP 4 Guidelines In Hindi PDF Download

These include 

Stop entry of truck traffic into Delhi (except for trucks carrying essential commodities/ providing e ssential services). A11 LNG/ CNG / Electric/ BSVI Diesel trucks) shail, however, be permitted to enter Delhi.

Do not permit LCVs registered outside Delhi, other than EVs / CNG / BSVl diesel, to enter l)elhi, except thosc carrying cssential commodities / providing csscntial serviccs.

lnforce strict ban on plying ol Delhi - registered IlS,lV and below diesel operated Medium Goods Vehicles (MGVs) and Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in Delhi, except those carrying essential commodities / providing essential services.